Depressive disorders in women are characterized by
A keen watchfulness
B chronically low mood
C swollen lymph nodes
D hyperactivity
The correct answer and explanation is:
Correct Answer: B. Chronically low mood
Explanation (300 words):
Depressive disorders in women, as in all individuals, are primarily characterized by a chronically low mood. This refers to a persistent feeling of sadness, hopelessness, or emptiness that lasts for most of the day, nearly every day, and typically for at least two weeks or more. This symptom is central to the diagnosis of Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) and other depressive conditions such as Persistent Depressive Disorder (dysthymia).
Women are statistically more likely than men to experience depressive disorders, partly due to a combination of biological, hormonal, psychological, and social factors. For instance, hormonal fluctuations during menstruation, pregnancy, postpartum, and menopause can influence mood regulation. Additionally, women may face increased rates of trauma, social stress, or caregiving burdens, which can contribute to depression.
Common symptoms of depressive disorders in women include:
- Persistent sadness or low mood
- Loss of interest or pleasure in previously enjoyable activities
- Fatigue or low energy
- Changes in appetite or weight
- Sleep disturbances (insomnia or hypersomnia)
- Difficulty concentrating or making decisions
- Feelings of worthlessness or guilt
- Thoughts of death or suicide in severe cases
Let’s examine the incorrect options:
- A. Keen watchfulness – This may be related to anxiety or hypervigilance, not depression.
- C. Swollen lymph nodes – This is a physical symptom more associated with infections or immune conditions, not mood disorders.
- D. Hyperactivity – This is more characteristic of mania (as seen in bipolar disorder) or ADHD, not depression.
In summary, chronically low mood is the defining feature of depressive disorders in women. Recognizing this core symptom is vital for early diagnosis and appropriate treatment, which often includes therapy, medication, or a combination of both.