Which of the following is true for fungi : are used for cleaning, produce antibiotics, most are toxic or produce toxins, are generally harmful
The correct answer and explanation is:
Correct answer:
Fungi produce antibiotics
Explanation:
Fungi are a diverse group of organisms that play several important roles in nature and human industry. Among the options provided:
- Used for cleaning: This is not typically true for fungi. While some microorganisms like bacteria can be used in bioremediation to clean pollutants, fungi are less commonly applied directly for cleaning purposes. However, certain fungi can contribute to breaking down organic matter in the environment, but this is not their primary or well-known use in cleaning.
- Produce antibiotics: This is true. Many fungi are known to produce antibiotics, which are substances that kill or inhibit the growth of bacteria and other microorganisms. The most famous example is Penicillium, a genus of fungi from which penicillin, the first widely used antibiotic, was discovered. Other fungi also produce different antibiotics used in medicine and agriculture.
- Most are toxic or produce toxins: While some fungi do produce toxins (called mycotoxins), such as Aspergillus producing aflatoxins, or Claviceps producing ergot alkaloids, it is incorrect to say most fungi are toxic. Many fungi are harmless or beneficial.
- Are generally harmful: This is also incorrect. While some fungi cause diseases in plants, animals, or humans (like athlete’s foot or ringworm), many fungi are beneficial. They play critical ecological roles in decomposition, nutrient cycling, and symbiotic relationships (like mycorrhizae with plants). They are also essential in food production (yeasts in bread and alcohol) and pharmaceuticals.
Summary:
Fungi have a significant role in antibiotic production, making this the best choice. Their ability to produce antibiotics revolutionized medicine and continues to be vital in fighting bacterial infections. Though some fungi can be harmful or toxic, most are not, and they contribute positively to ecosystems and human applications.