During the process of learning, the brain shows a characteristic called __, which is the ability to change in response to intensive usage for a particular task like memorizing a page of physiology notes? Question 11 options: desensitization reflexes plasticity habituation
The correct answer and explanation is:
Correct Answer: Plasticity
Explanation (300 words):
The correct answer is plasticity, more specifically known as neuroplasticity. Neuroplasticity refers to the brain’s ability to change and adapt as a result of experience, learning, or environmental influences. It is the fundamental mechanism that underlies learning and memory.
When a person engages in a task that requires focused mental activity, such as memorizing a page of physiology notes, certain neural pathways are activated repeatedly. Over time, the connections between the neurons involved in that task become stronger and more efficient. This process is called synaptic plasticity, and it involves structural and functional changes at the synapses, which are the communication points between neurons.
There are two main types of plasticity:
- Structural plasticity – refers to the brain’s ability to change its physical structure in response to learning.
- Functional plasticity – describes the brain’s ability to move functions from damaged areas to undamaged areas.
Plasticity is highest during childhood but continues throughout life. In adults, it is the mechanism that allows for new learning, skill development, and recovery after brain injury. For example, a student studying physiology forms new synaptic connections and strengthens existing ones in brain regions responsible for memory, language, and comprehension.
Let’s also clarify why the other options are incorrect:
- Desensitization: Refers to a reduced response to a repeated stimulus, often used in immunology or pain perception.
- Reflexes: These are automatic responses to stimuli and do not involve conscious learning.
- Habituation: A form of non-associative learning where an organism stops responding to a repeated, harmless stimulus.
Therefore, plasticity is the key characteristic of the brain that allows for learning and adaptation, making it the correct answer in the context of memorization and cognitive development.