classify each substance as a pure substance or a mixture. if it is pure, classify it as an element or a compound. if it is a mixture, classify it as homogeneous or heterogeneous. a.) wine b.) beef stew c.) iron d.) carbon monoxide
The correct answer and explanation is:
Classification:
a.) Wine – Mixture → Homogeneous
b.) Beef stew – Mixture → Heterogeneous
c.) Iron – Pure Substance → Element
d.) Carbon monoxide – Pure Substance → Compound
Explanation (Approx. 300 words):
Matter can be broadly classified into pure substances and mixtures. Pure substances have a fixed composition and distinct properties. They can be further divided into elements (made of one type of atom) and compounds (made of two or more types of atoms chemically combined in a fixed ratio). On the other hand, mixtures are physical combinations of two or more substances and can be either homogeneous (uniform throughout) or heterogeneous (not uniform).
Let’s break down each substance:
- a.) Wine is a homogeneous mixture. It consists of water, ethanol, sugars, acids, and many other dissolved substances. Despite the complexity of its composition, wine looks the same throughout and has uniform properties, making it a homogeneous mixture.
- b.) Beef stew is a heterogeneous mixture. It contains solid chunks of beef, vegetables, and possibly noodles or grains suspended in broth. These components are visibly different and not evenly distributed, making it heterogeneous.
- c.) Iron (Fe) is a pure substance and an element. It is made entirely of iron atoms and is listed on the periodic table. It has a consistent composition and cannot be broken down into simpler substances by chemical means.
- d.) Carbon monoxide (CO) is a pure substance but a compound, not an element. It consists of carbon and oxygen chemically bonded in a 1:1 ratio. Unlike a mixture, its components cannot be separated by physical means and it has definite chemical properties.
Understanding these classifications helps in fields such as chemistry, environmental science, and engineering, where knowing the composition and properties of materials is essential for making informed decisions and designing processes.