Cells that support neurons structurally and functionally are called _
options: a) neuroglia. b) axons. c) soma. d) dendrites.
The correct answer and explanation is:
Correct Answer: a) neuroglia
Explanation:
Neuroglia, also known as glial cells, are the supportive cells in the nervous system. Unlike neurons, which are specialized for transmitting electrical signals, neuroglia do not conduct impulses. Instead, they play a vital role in maintaining the health, structure, and function of neurons.
There are several types of neuroglial cells in both the central nervous system (CNS) and the peripheral nervous system (PNS). In the CNS, these include astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, microglia, and ependymal cells. Each type of glial cell has a distinct function. Astrocytes provide structural support, help maintain the blood-brain barrier, and regulate ion balance. Oligodendrocytes form the myelin sheath that insulates axons in the CNS, speeding up signal transmission. Microglia act as the immune defense of the CNS, clearing debris and pathogens. Ependymal cells line the ventricles of the brain and produce cerebrospinal fluid.
In the PNS, Schwann cells and satellite cells serve as glial cells. Schwann cells wrap around axons to form the myelin sheath in peripheral nerves, aiding in rapid signal conduction. Satellite cells support and protect neuron cell bodies located in peripheral ganglia.
Neuroglia are crucial for the overall environment of the nervous system. They provide nutrients, remove waste, protect neurons from pathogens, and assist in repair after injury. Without them, neurons would not function properly or survive for long.
The other options in the question refer to parts of a neuron. Axons conduct impulses away from the cell body. The soma is the cell body of the neuron. Dendrites receive incoming signals from other neurons. These parts are components of the neuron itself, not the supportive cells. Therefore, the correct term for cells that support neurons structurally and functionally is neuroglia.